Hiking class system. They may need to use their hands every now and then.
- Hiking class system. The Adopt-A-Trail program was developed by Folsom Parks & Recreation to provide the opportunity for community members and organizations to beautify, restore, and help maintain the city's treasured trail system. We don’t have a comparable system for hiking in the United Kingdom. Let’s break down this system to better understand what it all means! Class Class describes a climb or an approach/descent to or from a climb. We will also briefly explain the climbing rating systems and how this differs from hiking classes. Sep 28, 2021 · Mountaineering and climbing grading systems are a great way to determine the relative difficulty of any route or peak. A class 2 trail you may have to use a hand for stabilizing every so often (think the 1st flatiron trail where the steps are cut in). The Hawes Trail Alliance is a non-profit organization that was formed to help maintain, enhance and expand the Hawes Trail System to be enjoyed by bikers, hikers, and all outdoor enthusiasts. Sawtooth is perfect intro to class 3 scrambling as it can be easily modified. Jul 5, 2025 · Understanding the Yosemite Decimal System: A Guide to Rock Climbing Grades in North America. What do these numbers mean? The short answer is that they’re part of the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS). Class 2: Simple scrambling, with possible occasional use of the hands. Wilson, Sunlight Peak, Little Bear Peak, and Capitol Peak. Almost every hiking trail is a class 1 trail, with a few class 2 trails here and there. Salida Mountain Trails is a 501c3 nonprofit that creates & maintains world-class non-motorized multi-user trails in Salida & Chaffee County Colorado. A rope is often used. The difference between classes two and three being thatclass two involves only occasional use of Learn about the different types of trails, hiking difficulty categories, elevation, grade, and trail information to help you plan your hike. The Knife Edge on Capitol Peak in Colorado is an example of a Class 4 climb The class 5 portion of the class scale is primarily a rock climbing classification system, while classes 1–4 are used for hiking and scrambling. The YDS originally consisted only of the class rating and this is the most widely used rating. Not only did I lack the proper gear and Many national parks and hiking trails will have a difficulty rating system for their hikes and trails. The product's square root is the numerical rating. Dec 22, 2024 · From beginner-friendly paths to expert-only ascents, understanding climbing route classifications is essential for every climber. They may need to use their hands every now and then. It was soon discovered that class 5 encompassed such a large group of rock that it was sub-divided into a decimal Mar 4, 2025 · USFS Standard Trail Plans and Specifications The Standard Trail Plans and Specifications reflect current Forest Service trail management efforts and the agency’s Trails Data Dictionary for constructed features and tasks. Elevate your next outdoor journey! Jun 24, 2020 · Have you ever researched a hike and noticed a class associated with it? Hiking classes are used to measure the difficulty rating of a hike, and trust us - it's good to figure out hiking trail classes BEFORE what you thought would be a leisurely day hike turns out to be the steepest path to the summit. Nov 1, 2024 · The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a grading scale that evaluates the difficulty of hiking and climbing routes, especially for mountaineering and rock climbing. In the 1950’s, Royal Robbins (and Chuck Pratt?) recognized that the former system lumped too much together and did In climbing, "Class" ranges from Class 1 to Class 5, with Class 1 being trail hiking and Class 5 being technical (roped) climbing. Use the photos as visual aids to assist in consistent application of trail classification. IOW, it’s where hiking turns to mountaineering, and for a climber it’s easy terrain, for a hiker it’s where the hiking stops and climbing begins. Find local hikes and learn the ins and outs of hiking. [1] The YDS system divides all hikes and climbs into five classes. Good hike planning means choosing a hike for your abilities and for the amount of time you have to spend on the trail. Definitions for Scrambling Ratings To distinguish the difficulty of non-technical mountain climbs more clearly, the Scrambling Ratings framework divides each of the four, non-technical Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) categories into three parts and expands the scope of the ratings. Hiking is simple but some basic knowledge is required: Learn how to choose a hike, what gear and clothing you need and other essentials. Is there a hiking difficulty scale? We'll explain how to navigate trail difficulty ratings to find the perfect trail for your abilities. Five classes of climbing difficulty The Yosemite Decimal System consists of five general classes, the fifth being subdivided with a decimal notation, but it is generally accepted that some ratings are too high or too low because people want to brag or because the standards among climbers has changed over time, and many people have editorial comments about the YDS. Ratings used internationally today include no less than seven… Oct 23, 2007 · For the Level classification, it further confused the system by putting three subjective levels as Level 1 (below 1000), Level 2 (1000-2000) and Level 3 (2000 beyond). . 0-5. Wearing hiking boots is a good idea. This system has five levels, ranging from accessible dirt paths to rock climbing that requires some technical gear. Developed in the 1950s in Yosemite National Park, this system was created by rock climbers to standardize ratings for various routes. Although YDS is mostly used in the United States, YDS classes are mapped to other national and Australian Walking Trek Grading System The Australian Walking Track Grading System was endorsed in July 2010 as a voluntary industry standard and is now progressively being used throughout Australia. A “class” is considered the type and difficulty of the trail you are headed out on. For example, a 10-mile hike that gains 2,200 feet in elevation: 2,200 x 2=4,400 4,400 x 10 = 44,000 Square root of 44,000=209. Class 1 was simple trail walking, and class 5 was considered technical climbing. Feb 12, 2019 · Ever hiked a Class 3 hiked and not known what it means? This page explains the YDS system and why its important to know before hiking. An objective, universal system for hiking trail difficulty ratings that uses distance, elevation change, slope, navigation and terrain to determine difficulty. Either way, they will provide better support than trail running shoes, and they will be made from even more durable materials. com What Are Hiking Classes? Many times when researching your next adventure you will come across the language of a “class” the hike is given. Yosemite Decimal System In North America, the Yosemite Decimal System is used. The Hawes Trail System offers some of Arizona's best trails for hiking, running, and mountain biking. Though this hike TRACS is the Forest Service’s required methodology for conducting trail inventory, condition assessment and prescriptions for National Forest System trails. So to give me a feel for using a Class 1 - Class 5 rating system, what would the following rate: A) Owl's This document provides definitions for Trail Fundamentals and associated terminology including Trail Management Objectives, Trail Type, Trail Class, Managed Use, and Design Parameters. But before we get into the actual How Hiking Trails are Classified in Switzerland? Discover the Hiking Classification Switzerland edition. The YDS gives any describes any given hiking, scrambling, or climbing route with a Class. ). The old ‘fact sheet’ we used consisted of (1) elevation; (2) level; and (3) days required Jun 24, 2020 · Have you ever researched a hike and noticed a class associated with it? Hiking classes are used to measure the difficulty rating of a hike, and trust us - it's good to figure out hiking trail classes BEFORE what you thought would be a leisurely day hike turns out to be the steepest path to the summit. Learn more:The Importance of Hike Difficulty GradingIn my first few hikes, I was completely unprepared. Learn more here! One of the metrics included in the trip planning information is the “difficulty”, ranging from class 1 to class 5. The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of Jun 24, 2020 · The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of hikes, trail runs, and climbs. Class 5 is where rock climbing begins and is subdivided into various levels. Class 4: Simple climbing, with exposure. These ratings are assigned based on several factors to provide a clear understanding of what to ex The YDS Yosemite Decimal System rates mountain activities (hiking and rock climbing) as class 1 to 5, in increasing order of difficulty. What are the classes of 14ers? Here are the answers. Through the dedication of our volunteers, the trail system receives the extra attention needed to help keep the trails maintained. Start your ascent! May 5, 2024 · Climbing Ratings and Grades Explained The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is used in the United States to determine the risk, difficulty, and commitment associated with rock climbing. The type of terrain you're likely to encounter + fitness and experience needed. This grading system provides a readily recognisable standard for walkers to be able to establish the difficulty of a particular walk regardless of where in Australia it is and allows them to The classes are determined by averaging out individual ratings derived from five different categories, namely distance, duration, ascent, elevation, and terrain. Check out the National Forest interactive visitor map to find great trails to explore. This class is designed for all levels from beginners to advanced backpackers. Jun 24, 2020 · Have you ever researched a hike and noticed a class associated with it? Hiking classes are used to measure the difficulty rating of a hike, and trust us - it's good to figure out hiking trail classes BEFORE what you thought would be a leisurely day hike turns out to be the steepest path to the summit. The scale is comprised of 5 levels In Issue 27, we take a look at this rating system des Oct 13, 2020 · Complete list of Colorado 14ers complete with an interactive (and printable) map. A Class 1 hike is a low-risk hike on a well-marked trail. TRACS provides standardized terminology, business rules and data fields which are integrated with the agency’s corporate database and used for planning, management, cost estimation, and The Australian Walking Track Grading System is a comprehensive classification scheme that rates hiking trails based on their difficulty, terrain, and the level of fitness and experience required to complete them. , longer distances, significant elevation gains) appearing earlier than those with Jun 16, 2025 · Master Class 2, 3 & 4 scrambling. Aug 24, 2006 · Currently, according to the climbing textbook Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, the system divides all hikes and climbs into five classes: Class 1: Hiking. It could lead to confusion. Learn how difficulty ratings work and what they mean for your next Aug 19, 2023 · Learn here about the six class 1 14ers in Colorado, which have hiking trails from the trailhead to the summit with zero scrambling or rock climbing. Jan 30, 2024 · Understanding the hiking grades and difficulty levels can help you select a trail that matches your skills and preferences. You’ll do fine! I wouldn't call the YDS a system of hiking ratings, since it's climbing. General Information The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System is a basic method used to categorize the relative technical difficulty of recreation trails. Class 2 Simple scrambling, with the possibility of occasional use of the hands. Park agencies and guidebook writers often assist hikers Mar 27, 2016 · Backpacking and hiking routes can be described using the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS), which allows for accurate descriptions regarding the effort, gear, and experience needed for the anticipated terrain. It provides hikers and mountaineers with a standardized way to evaluate the technical and physical challenges of a trail before embarking on it. The "bouldering" difficulty that you're thinking of is referred to as class. See full list on advnture. Includes description, elevation, difficulty and overview of Colorado's seven mountain ranges. IOW, it's where hiking turns to mountaineering, and for a climber it's easy terrain, for a hiker it's where the hiking stops and climbing begins. There are many factors which influence the ratings, such as the difficulty, time commitment, length of climb, and risk. It includes difficulty ratings, physical requirements and solitude ratings. Signs or markings at “most” trailheads or trail intersections do not advertise how strenuous the trail will be, or what to expect. Understanding the rating system for hiking trails can help keep you safe. The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of Jan 20, 2016 · Most hikes fall under class 1 or class 2. While the YDS ratings only address the difficulty of the hardest section of a route, Scrambling Ratings also So, what are scrambling grades? Scrambles in North America are graded on the Yosemite Decimal System, ranging from Class 1 (Easy Hiking) to Class 5 (Rock Climbing). Easy? Moderate? Difficult? A trail’s degree of difficulty—also called its difficulty level or difficulty rating—can greatly vary hiking time. [1] Classes 1-3 are used mainly in hiking and trail running. x 0. There is Get the hiking resources you need to feel confident on your next hike. com uses the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) which has been in use in the United States for over 75 years. The East Longs Peak Trail is by far the more popular route. National Forest Interactive Visitor Map (USDA Forest Service image) The Forest Service manages over 164,000 miles of National Forest System trails in nearly every state for you to hike, bike, ATV, ride horseback, snowmobile, snowshoe, and more. Join 30,000+ trekkers every year on mindfully designed experiences that help you connect to yourself, to nature and to others. Be sure to look them up before planning an expedition to see if the route is the right fit for your abilities and ambitions. For Class 5 and Class 6 travel, it also includes a Rating. It's particularly important to find out the class of a route if you're gearing up for hikes that could get technical, like 14ers (hikes with a peak Five classes of climbing difficulty The Yosemite Decimal System consists of five general classes, the fifth being subdivided with a decimal notation, but it is generally accepted that some ratings are too high or too low because people want to brag or because the standards among climbers has changed over time, and many people have editorial comments about the YDS. There are different rating systems to determine the difficulty of a hike, such as numerical ratings, technical grades, and fitness levels. The original Yosemite Class System was created by the Sierra Club in the 1930's to taxonomize the difficulty of various hikes in the Sierra Nevadas. Jul 15, 2006 · I'm planning some hikes in the Alps & west of the Mississippi, and want to get as challenging as possible without getting into technical climbing- I'm guessing either Class 3+ or Class 4. What a typical climber considers easy Class III could kill a hiker with hiking shoes, microspikes, no helmet, etc. The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of Difficulty Ratings and Route Length Ratings CLASS Class, which refers to the technical difficulty of a route, ranges from Class 1 (walking on a well-maintained trail) to Class 6 (hanging from climbing gear while using engineering skills to ascend a cliff). The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System can: Help trail users make informed decisions Encourage visitors to use trails that match their skill level Manage risk and minimize injuries Improve the outdoor experience for a wide variety of visitors Jul 1, 2025 · Unlock the Yosemite Decimal System: Learn how YDS grades transform your hiking, scrambling, and climbing adventures across America's wild trails. The following photos provide visual examples of typical Trail Class scenarios. The routes are first grouped by their class rating and then sorted by the overall difficulty/effort required within each class. by USDA Forest Service The Forest Service’s National Technology and Development Program (T&D) developed them in conjunction with the agency’s National Trails Program The Yosemite Decimal System has 5 classes ranging from Class 1 to Class 5, which are used to classify all terrain according to the difficulty for humans to travel across with no mechanical advantage (like, let's say, a four-wheeler). The Swiss Alpine Club’s (SAC) scales are the standard for rating the difficulty of high mountain tours, hiking routes, ski tours and snowshoe touring Find out more! So, what are the mountaineering grading systems? The main mountaineering grading systems including the French Mountaineering Grades (going from F “easy” to ED “Extremely Difficult), the Yosemite Decimal System (going from Class 1 to Class 5 terrain), and the National Climbing Classification System (going from Grade I to Grade VII). So, expect to move through the 14ers by starting with a few Class 1 peaks, then some (or all) Class 2 peaks, and ultimately advance to the Class 3 and 4 peaks which are the most difficult. The YDS scale divides routes into classes based on the physical effort, technical skill, and risk Jul 6, 2023 · Trail signage and trail map symbols can be confusing to novice hikers. If that feels uncomfortable, then you can drop down to hikers right and it’s much more calm class 2 terrain. First time tackling a 14er? We also include some tips to help you plan your first ascent. There is an unofficial Class 6 which generally means “utterly unclimbable free solo, requires aid &/or ladders”. Our expert guide clarifies YDS, essential gear, and crucial skills for safe off-trail adventure. The phrase Hiking implies Class 1 or Class 2 (generally not needing hands for stability) The phrase Scrambling implies Class 3, Class 4, or Search over 450,000 trails with trail info, maps, detailed reviews, and photos curated by millions of hikers, campers, and nature lovers like you. Remember that Trail Classes are general categories reflecting development scale, arranged along a continuum, with no hard and fast lines drawn between the classes. It's the system used to grade the technical difficulty of rock climbs. Personally, I have found the SAC Jun 22, 2023 · The 5 grades of the Australian Walking Track Grading System. [1] The current definition for each class is: [1] Class 1 Hiking or running on a trail. If a trail is rated Class 2, a person can 'scramble' up the trail. com classification system, version 1 by Gideon Lasco To address the need for a more precise classification, PinoyMountaineer is adopting a new system which will enable the classification and characterization not just of mountains but of all outdoor destinations in the Philippines. Oct 15, 2018 · To hike all the 14ers in Colorado you have to be able to scramble some 4th class terrain. g. The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of Commissioner Danielle Fitzko 1 National Life Drive, Davis 2 Montpelier, VT 05620-3801 Email | 802-828-1534 Nondiscrimination Notice And Justice for All Design, Construct, and MaintainThe USDA Forest Service Standard Trail Plans and Specifications are for the design, construction, and maintenance of National Forest System trails and trail bridges. When choosing your hike, keep in mind that Class 2 is a pretty broad category so it's best to read route descriptions thoroughly to determine if the Class 2 portions of your hike are doable. The hiking difficulty scale is a standardized system that helps hikers assess the challenge level of various trails. Trail difficulty rating system A trailhead signage that shows the grade of a walking path at a park in Sydney, Australia. In this post we take a closer look at how they work. 15 = 1. Oct 7, 2020 · 14ers range in difficulty from easy class 1 hikes to complex class 5 climbs. Class 3: Scrambling, a rope can be carried but is usually not required. To help make everything easier, I’ve broken the entire We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Any person with average athleticism can easily […] Feb 12, 2022 · The Australian Walking Track Grading System is a fantastic tool to help gauge whether you are able to tackle a walk and helps you find walks that are suitable for you. The grading system ranges There is no such thing as ‘class four’ climbing There is no such thing as ‘classfour’ climbing. 4 region involve trivial climbing, albeit fatally-exposed, and that fit individuals with little The history of the Vikings continues to be a popular subject that draws thousands of visitors to Norway each year. But their usage remain low. The grade and protection ratings were added on later to improve the rating system. Feb 9, 2023 · In North America, vertical travel is generally described using the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS). As a beginner rock climber or foreign climber trying to climb in America, you'll want to become familiar with the Yosemite Decimal System, or YDS. 8 The hike's numerical rating is then tied to one of five descriptors: Easiest Sierra Class 3 Insofar as I can tell, the Yosemite Decimal System, which is by far the most widely-used climbing route grading system in the United States, works extremely well provided you stay within the bounds of the Class 5 designation. Nov 12, 2023 · Understanding hike difficulty grading systems can be a game-changer in planning your outdoor adventures, specially if you're taking kids with you. Discover which trail level you feel most comfortable walking and how to choose an appropriate national trail that matches your endurance and skill The Wilderness Basics Course is a ten week hiking, camping, and backpacking course that combines ten in-class lectures with four weekend outings taught by experienced and dedicated staff. The 14ers that require 4th class scrambling are arguably among the finest peaks in CO: North Maroon Peak, Pyramid Peak, Mt. Explore the trails and summits of majestic mountains in the Philippines with this complete travel guide to hiking! Learn about the difficulty levels, best mountains to hike for every level, what to wear and pack, and more! Oct 15, 2021 · The Yosemite Decimal System is a detailed rating system that notifies hikers and climbers of the difficulty of a hike or climb. Support us today! Class I Bikeway (Bike Path): These paths are for exclusive use of bicyclists and pedestrians with limited vehicular interaction. 8 in. If a trail is rated Class 1, a person can walk on the trail with very little chance of getting hurt. It is generally understood that climbs in the class 5. Trails There are two main “hiking” trails to Longs peak that feature Class 1 and 2 hiking up until the Keyhole (a unique rock formation). Developed by various state and territory authorities, this system ensures hikers can select a trail that aligns with their capabilities and expectations. This system categorizes terrain according to the techniques and equipment required in ascending that terrain, using two terms: Class (difficulty of each move) and Grade (overall length of time to climb). Sep 11, 2015 · An explanation of the different classes of the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) esp as it applies to hiking. Without this system you would see many more walkers undertake walks that are far too hard for them without their knowledge, putting them in unnecessary danger. Clicking on each of the classes will bring you to a list of hikes that fall under that class. Rather, the YDS describes the technical Nov 13, 2023 · This article provides an in-depth look at the Yosemite Decimal System, a widely-used grading system for rock climbing and hiking routes. Below, each is shown. Dec 19, 2007 · PinoyMountaineer. These plans and specifications also are available for other Federal, State, and local agencies, communities, trail partners, volunteers, and entities. These ratings do not describe the amount of effort required; class 1 can be long and strenuous and class 5 can be quick and easy. A trail difficulty rating system, also known as walking track grading system, walk gradings or trail grades, is a classification system for trails or walking paths based on their relative technical and physical difficulty. Class 14ers. The United States and Canada widely use the Yosemite Decimal System to rate the difficulty of Mar 28, 2023 · I wouldn’t call the YDS a system of hiking ratings, since it’s climbing. This comprehensive course will give you key information about: selecting clothing, gear, and equipment how to Trail Class: The prescribed scale of development for a trail, representing its intended design and management standards. This system evolved originally from the Welzenbach Rating System in 1937. A majority of frequently accessed hiking trails are considered Class 1. Lets review the Yosemite Decimal System: according to theseventh edition of Freedom of the Hills,class one is hiking, classes two and three are scrambling, and classes four andfive are climbing. This hike is attempted an estimated 20,000 times per year by hikers with a less than 50% completion rate. The hike is considered class 3 after the keyhole. At this point in time “most” trails, especially hiking trails, do not have any rating system in place. Jun 24, 2020 · If you're new to hiking classes or still aren't sure what each class really means, we've got you covered with an explanation for each of the five hiking classes. Today I will share common grading systems and help you choose the right trail for your hiking experience. AllTrails offers 3 difficulty ratings to help you filter trail searches: Easy, Moderate, and Hard. Class Learn about Wildland's hiking and backpacking ratings system. Class 5 (technical climbing generally requiring rope & gear) has the most extensive array of subdivisions. For steeper trails, like a Class 2 hiking trail, the target grade is 5-18%, max 35%, outslope 5-20%! Going past 15% outslope trails start to feel off-camber, and look it too, as there is almost a 2 inch difference between the inside and outside of the tread on a 12 inch wide trail (12 in. The system uses classes ranging from 1 (easiest) to 5 (most difficult), providing a basic difficulty of the terrain you will encounter along the route. Natural protection can be The Bierstadt to Evans sawtooth route is nice because you can stay ridge proper for more class 3 fun. Class II Bikeway (Bike Lanes): These lanes are adjacent to streets or highways and have a solid striped lane designating the one-way bike travel. The YDS has a class rating and an optional grade and protection ratings. Find out how the Vikings organized their social class system and the difference between a thrall, a karl and a jarl. Scrambles in the UK are graded from 1-4, with 1 being moderately difficult and 4 being extremely difficult: Below you'll find a comprehensive explanation of the different climbing rating systems. In this article, we aim to break down hiking classes in a easy to understand article. Class 3 and above involves more scrambling or climbing, where you need to use your hands for balance. Here is an overview of the 2 rating categories: Class rating: To classify climbs into hikes, scrambles and rock Jun 24, 2020 · Have you ever researched a hike and noticed a class associated with it? Hiking classes are used to measure the difficulty rating of a hike, and trust us - it's good to figure out hiking trail classes BEFORE what you thought would be a leisurely day hike turns out to be the steepest path to the summit. The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a rating system used by rock climbers to choose appropriate climbs that are challenging, within their abilities, and to bring proper gear. Since the list is arranged by class rating, you may notice some routes with greater overall effort (e. Jan 1, 2019 · The Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) grading system is a widely used rating system to describe the difficulty level of mountain trails in Switzerland. Mar 20, 2025 · Embarking on a hiking adventure requires a clear understanding of the trail difficulty rating system to ensure safety and enjoyment. Here is more accepted international rating system: Class System 1 – Walking (easy stroll) 2 – Hiking along a path/rugged terrain 3 – Scrambling (using hands for balance) Jun 24, 2020 · Have you ever researched a hike and noticed a class associated with it? Hiking classes are used to measure the difficulty rating of a hike, and trust us - it's good to figure out hiking trail classes BEFORE what you thought would be a leisurely day hike turns out to be the steepest path to the summit. Trail Class Matrix (September 2016) This document describes the five national Trail Classes applicable to all National Forest System Trails. Jul 28, 2023 · Shenandoah's Hiking Difficulty is determined by a numerical rating using the following formula: Elevation Gain x 2 x distance (in miles). Choosing a Difficulty Level for your hike is a key to wise hike planning. Below is a list of the standard Colorado 14er routes organized by difficulty. Trail Fundamentals: The five concepts that are the cornerstones of Forest Service trail management, including Trail Type, Trail Class, Managed Use, Designed Use, and Design Parameters. Learn about climbing and bouldering ratings, including how route difficulty is measured and the difference between a rating and a grade. Hiking shoes, depending on the materials used in them, their weight, and their sturdiness, can be light enough to be classified as class A hiking footwear, or they can be bulky enough to be in class B. According to the YDS, Class 1 terrain is a steepish walk; a Class 2 is an easy scramble that requires the occasional use of hands; and a Class 3 is a moderate scramble with some exposure – a fall here is likely to result in a serious injury. rbad wxmdgug haduiwk pja kdctuf pskdyb wtyiyk dktnmn qdydym yqsvblr